Symbolism in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay example

In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, she utilizes an array of symbolism such as color, the store, and her husbands to solidify the overall theme of independence and individuality. Their Eyes Were Watching God is considered by many a classic American Feminist piece that emphasizes how life was for African Americans post slave era in the early 1900s. One source summarizes the story as, 1 †a womans quest for fulfillment and liberation in a society where women are objects to be used for physical work and pleasure.† Which is why the overall theme is concurrent to independence and self. The first way the author uses symbolism to show the overall theme is with color. Numerous times in the novel Janie is wearing a†¦show more content†¦The kind of premenading white tat the houses of Bishop Whipple, W.B. Jackson, and Vanderpools wore.† (pg.47) In this instance, Hurston is showing that white is prominent. With the whites still being more â€Å"superior† than blacks in this era (1900s), this choice of color shows power. With the town still needing a new mayor or leader, the white showed that Jody can eventually preside over the town with his leadership skills. Shortly after, Jody is indeed chosen as the mayor. The main point connecting white to the theme is when it is used after Jodys death. After Jodys death the only color Janie wears for the next six months is black. Black is used in her attire in this context to show that her mien is indicative of being sad, in mourning, dark, or that Janie is unavailable for future suitors. However, when she does feel ready to move on from Jodys death she wears white. White in this instance shows the other men that she is available. â€Å"When Janie emerged into her mourning white, she had hosts of admirers in and out of town.† (pg. 92) This is how the colors white, black, and blue are used by Hurston to show Janies gradual independence and individuality. Hurston u ses small symbols such as the store to display how Janie has gained some independence. After Janie marries Joe they open up a store together. Being the only general store in the town they experience a lot of customers. Often Janie is found managingShow MoreRelatedThe Symbolism of Janies Hair in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God 697 Words   |  3 PagesZora Neale Hurston was known for expressing the facets of African-American culture in her books, but her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God has elements of gender studies as well. Throughout the book, Janie’s life experiences serve as a metaphor for the historical struggle of both women and Black Americans to achieve equal rights, and various symbols throughout the book are significant in this context. Janie’s hair, in particular, is the clearest example of a symbol that represents her power andRead MoreOprah Had No Eyes to See Her Make a Monstrosity1500 Words   |  6 PagesOprah Had No Eyes to See Her Make a Monstrosity Oprah’s movie did Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, an injustice when Oprah changed the entire purpose of the book. The changes made to characters, relationships, and the effects of symbolism makes the story unrecognizable. Their Eyes Were Watching God transforms into a love story and the title changes which alters the entire plot, even some settings change. Oprah truly slaughtered a work of art and her ignorance of the meaningRead MoreVarious Types Of Literary Devices1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthe early 1900s down in the South, gender roles and their independence was very prominent. Women who were white started to gain more independence, and their low paying jobs gave them a little more freedom. They started to develop their own identity instead of being identified by their husbands. While women who were African Americans did not get the same independence that white women got.They were still being identified based on their husbands, and they st ill had do all the responsibilities of a motherRead More Symbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald1628 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby is a classic American novel, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1927 about corruption, murder and life in the 1920’s. The true purpose for a writer to compose any piece of literature is to entertain the reader, and this writer does this to the best of his ability. In this well-crafted tale, Fitzgerald presents a fast moving, exciting story, and to any typical reader it can be enjoyed; however, if the reader takes the timeRead MoreThe Life of American Women in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God895 Words   |  4 PagesZora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel illustrating the life of an African American woman that finds her voice through many trials and tribulations. At the heart of the story, Hurston portrays a protagonist who moves from a passive state to independence, from passive woman with no voice who is dominated by her husband to a woman who can think and act for herself. Hurston achieves the greater the me of Their Eyes Were Watching God, of self-expression and independence throughRead MoreThe Sentiment of Oprah, Not Hurston: Their Eyes Were Watching God1502 Words   |  7 PagesOprah took a magnum opus, Their Eyes Were Watching God, and remade it into an entirely different story that did not comply with the book. By altering Janie’s character, moral fiber, relationships, and public acts, it changed the meaning of the novel. The symbolism and the significance of the title varied from the book and the story morphed into a tale of love when made into a movie. Zora Neale Hurston’s book held a disparate meaning before it fell into the hands of Oprah, who annihilated it. Janie’sRead MoreA Womens Search for Identity in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God729 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"It’s uh known fact, Pheoby, you got tuh go there tuh know there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hurston 192). The theme of identity can be seen throughout Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, of a story of a women’s journey for self-identification. Through symbolic imagery, such as the pear tree, Janie’s hair, and the horizon, Hurston ultimately shows a women’s quest for her identity. As a young teenager, Janie becomes infatuated with the idea of an idealistic romance: â€Å"She saw a dust-bearing bee sink into theRead More Powerful Symbols in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston1407 Words   |  6 PagesPowerful Symbols in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston       In 1937, upon the first publication of Their Eyes Were Watching God, the most influential black writer of his time, Richard Wright, stated that the novel carries no theme, no message, [and] no thought.   Wrights powerful critique epitomized a nations attitude toward Zora Neale Hurstons second novel. African-American critics read a book that they felt satisfied the white mans stereotype of African-American cultureRead MoreEssay about Love and Struggle in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1421 Words   |  6 Pagesher rich, jealous, and aggressive husband, Tom Buchanan. Symbolism is strong throughout the novel; from the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock symbolizing how close Gatsby is to Daisy (yet still so far away), to the valley of ashes representing the lost hopes and dreams of the people in the city. There is also the mantle clock, a symbol of lost time between Gatsby and Daisy, the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg, representing God watching over everything, and Daisy’s voice being full of money, representingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, symbolism plays a major role in the continuation of the plot. Symbolism in this novel uncovers emotional backstories of the main characters, shows why the characters make the choices they do, and the difference of the meaning of certain objects in the novel. Although there are many different symbols in The Great Gatsby, the ones that stick out the most are the green light, the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg, and the Valley of Ashes. Each symbol can have many different

Macbeth Quotes Free Essays

Violence Quotes Lady Macbeth Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood; Stop up the access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers, (1. 5. 46-54) Macduff I shall do so, But I must also feel it as a man. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Quotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now I cannot but remember such things were That were most precious to me. 4. 3. 261-264) Macbeth From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. And even now, To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done! The castle of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife, give to the edge o’ the sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line. (4. 1. 168-176) Ambition Quotes Macbeth My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man that function Is smother’d in surmise, and nothing is But what is not. (1. 3. 60-163) Lady Macbeth Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be What thou art promised: yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o’ the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it: (1. 5. 15-20) Banquo My noble partner You greet with present grace and great prediction Of n oble having and of royal hope, That he seems rapt withal. To me you speak not. If you can look into the seeds of time, And say which grain will grow and which will not, Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear Your favors nor your hate. (1. 3. 61-68) Guilt Quotes Lady Macbeth Naught’s had, all’s spent, Where our desire is got without content. ‘Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. (3. 2. 6-9) Macbeth Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No. This my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. (2. 2. 81-84) Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst! (2. 2. 96) How to cite Macbeth Quotes, Papers Macbeth Quotes Free Essays Violence Quotes Lady Macbeth Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood; Stop up the access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers, (1. 5. 46-54) Macduff I shall do so, But I must also feel it as a man. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Quotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now I cannot but remember such things were That were most precious to me. 4. 3. 261-264) Macbeth From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. And even now, To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done! The castle of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife, give to the edge o’ the sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line. (4. 1. 168-176) Ambition Quotes Macbeth My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man that function Is smother’d in surmise, and nothing is But what is not. (1. 3. 60-163) Lady Macbeth Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be What thou art promised: yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o’ the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it: (1. 5. 15-20) Banquo My noble partner You greet with present grace and great prediction Of n oble having and of royal hope, That he seems rapt withal. To me you speak not. If you can look into the seeds of time, And say which grain will grow and which will not, Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear Your favors nor your hate. (1. 3. 61-68) Guilt Quotes Lady Macbeth Naught’s had, all’s spent, Where our desire is got without content. ‘Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. (3. 2. 6-9) Macbeth Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No. This my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. (2. 2. 81-84) Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst! (2. 2. 96) How to cite Macbeth Quotes, Essay examples

Theories of Democratic Network Governance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theories of Democratic Network Governance. Answer: Introduction Problem of homelessness is very rampant in Canada resulting in drug addiction, prolonged mental illness. Statistics have revealed that nearly 35,000 people in Canada suffer from the crisis of homelessness (Stage, 2015). Many people have blamed the Canadian government for their problem of coping up with increasing number of homeless people in Canada. Problem Statement: homelessness and mental imbalance and social alienation amongst people in Canada. The problem of homelessness would be assessed from two perspectives: conflict theory perspective and feminist perspective to obtain two different understanding of the situation. There are number of well-renowned perspectives on the concept of homelessness among the mentally un-well people. Some of the widely exploited perspectives are the sociological perspectives on homelessness, feminist perspectives, conflict based perspectives, symbolist interactional perspectives and functionalist perspectives. If one views homeless from the standpoint of conflict theory, he/she can be able to witness a contradiction in the entirety of homelessness (Srensen Torfing, 2016). The theory suggests that masters at the core level systematically exploit the workers depriving them of their mental recreation and basic sustenance elements. Whereas on the other hand the people are of the opinion that they are properly supplied with and taken care of by their masters and they slowly become dependent on their capitalistic masters for their life sustenance. Other theorists believe that homelessness and poverty resulting in psychological imbalance is a failure of capitalistic society and their inability to are results of the masters inability to cope up with economic instability in the society and contribute more to it (Stage, 2015). From their approach it is the economy and the pattern of supply and demand that deprives a number of people basic living resources. However, conflict theorists blame the entire system of homelessness on the structure of a capitalist economy, masters exploitation of the poor and unequal distribution of resources. In a capitalistic economy, the population is segregated into two categories, namely those who are in possession of capital and those who are bereft of it. In conflict perspective however, homelessness of the mentally un-well human beings is not seen as a flaw of capitalistic society but rather the laziness or de-motivation of the people to aim for a comfortable and upgraded life (Srensen Torfing, 2016). Marxs conflict theory holds the opinion that it is fundamentally the inadequacy of the people who fail to carve their social position and therefore are unable to meet with their basic requirements that will prevent them from their crisis (Reinecke, 2015). The blunder of mentally un-well people remains in their willingness to descend into the situation without making adequate usage of power and resources. Under conflict theory, Marx believes that capitalistic society slowly produces individuals who become alienated from their inner self and grow attached to the external materialistic world. This furthermore benefits the capitalists in exploiting the workers and ensures that they take part in capitalism by consuming their own labor (Boyd, 2015). It is at this juncture that Marx argues mentally unbalanced and homeless people are those who fail to grasp a true understanding of class consciousness and capitalism, bereft of its lies and pretensions The main aspect of conflict theory is to view on the macro issues of the society contributing to the enormous problems (Stage, 2015). Feminist Perspective The concept of homelessness revolves around the idea of home which is synonymous with ones involvement with the society and stability. The concept of housing is also related with an individuals power to participate in the mainstream society. However, the level of deprivation that these homeless people face is primarily relative. In many theories homelessness of the mentally un-well people is viewed as a social problem which further pinpoints to a number of social problems and drawbacks (Ravenhill, 2016). Homelessness is actually a symbol of a major problem of the social structure, which furthermore dictates the identity of the homeless people in relation to the other members of the society. The feminist perspective of homelessness of mentally un-well individuals views homelessness both from the perspective of within and outside of a household. The feminist perspective acknowledges the relationship of a woman with her household as one of the prime aspects of homelessness (Lfstrand Quilgars, 2016). It brings forth the power equation that involves the homeless human beings. The womans economic inter-dependence and labor structure of the households decide her living conditions. The construction of new identity for these homeless people further amplifies their mental un-wellness, helplessness, lack of privacy and retreat. The feminist perspective poses a direct challenge to traditional notions of homeless people irrespective of their gender. According to Pleace, (2016) feminist perspective the prior consideration of gender is necessary to investigate deep into the factor, modes and level of exploitation. The homeless and un-well people are free from their gender constraints since they are detached from mainstream society. These homeless people can be masculine and feminine. A womans access to housing is limited or determined b y her dependence on husband for supporting the household financially (Mostowska Sheridan, 2016). Women tend to feel more subordinated due to their dependence on the male members of the family and this exerts a major impact on the concept of homelessness. The housing security that a woman enjoys from her household is a major part of homelessness. Domestic violence, marital rape are all factors that create a sort of mental alienation and disturbance within an individual and therefore she tends to view her home as a hostile place torn of love and warmth. Therefore even if the woman has a safe and secured home, a roof and shelter, she can be afraid of her safety and dignity therein and crave for a more secured place. In that case, the individual will still be considered homeless, and the social relations can take the shape of burdens in her life. She is potentially a homeless creature accentuated by domestic violation, economic dependence and the lack of recognition of her place within the household (Mostowska Sheridan, 2016). Therefore, the feminist theory provides a totally different perspective on the entire concept of homelessness (Lfstrand Quilgars, 2016). The homeless individual suffer from the autonomy of power and turns into a victim due to their lack of social positioning, political and economic power (Lfstrand Quilgars, 2016). Conclusion From the above case study it can be analyzed that homelessness in a problem of power imbalance in society resulting in unequal distribution of resources and materials. Based on the research evidence one possible solution is proliferation of welfare states which will enable people to pay for their basic rent and amenities. This would reduce the gap between the have and have-nots and make way for a better society. Reference List: Boyd, A. K. (2015).Restorative Environments: A campus for trafficked youth in Chiang Rai, Thailand(Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/27356 Lfstrand, C. H., Quilgars, D. (2016). Cultural Images and Definitions of Homeless Women: Implications for Policy and Practice at the European Level. InWomens Homelessness in Europe(pp. 41-73). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Mostowska, M., Sheridan, S. (2016). Migrant Women and Homelessness. InWomens Homelessness in Europe(pp. 235-263). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Pleace, N. (2016). Researching homelessness in Europe: theoretical perspectives.European Journal of Homelessness, 19-44. Ravenhill, M. (2016).The culture of homelessness. Routledge. Reinecke, C. (2015). Localising the Social: The Rediscovery of Urban Poverty in Western European Affluent Societies.Contemporary European History,24(4), 555-576. Srensen, E., Torfing, J. (Eds.). (2016).Theories of democratic network governance. Springer. Stage, P. K. (2015). Young, Homeless and Alone.

Project Charter free essay sample

This Charter formally authorizes a project to develop and implement a software system that will enable them to automate their current systems such as the patient record system, the patient and insurance billing, and the patient scheduling system. Commencement of project activities will begin upon approval of the project plan and the resources to execute it by Dr Timothy Jones. Included in the project plan are to be a scope statement; schedule; cost estimate; budget; and provisions for scope, resource, schedule, communications, quality, risk, procurement, and stakeholder management as well as project control. The purpose of the New Century Medical Software Project is to automate their current patient systems. This project meets New Century Medical for computerizing their filing system for their patient’s records. This will enable them to be organized and have easy access to their automated patient’s records. The projects deliverables will include digital files for every patient, organized insurance information for each patient and their appointment system will be easier to organize. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Charter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Project Manager, B H Software Co.  is hereby authorized to interface with management as required, negotiate for resources, delegate responsibilities within the framework of the project, and to communicate with all contractors and management, as required, to ensure successful and timely completion of the project. The Project Manager is responsible for developing the project plan, monitoring the schedule, cost, and scope of the project during implementation, and maintaining control over the project by measuring performance and taking corrective action. A completed project plan will be developed and submitted to the Project Sponsor for approval by May 25, 2012. Upon approval of the project plan resources will be assigned to the project and work will commence within 10 days. Once the project commences, work on the project will be performed according to the schedule provided in the approved project plan. The Project Manager will obtain approval from the Project Sponsor for any schedule changes which impact the project completion milestone. The budget for the New Century Medical Software Project is $900,000. It is to be funded through Dr. Jones. Project Charter free essay sample Involve market and economics(tall purchases are made in us dollars) research 2. To be open with the employees and other interested stakeholders and try the first samples of the product on professionals. COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY 1. To create value for professionals to use and brand loyalty towards ACM composites 2. To provide link with the resource suppliers to be able to correspond to the demand from the hockey companies END PRODUCTS:  -gives a new segment development- pro player part of the market composite material hockey sticks -provides a defense towards losing hockey stick from composite material from China -provides and economic analysis of such an investment PROJECT SCOPE The project scope was the delivery of a 100% custom stick , conforming to the project specifications, within 1 week of the business order(competitive advantage) PARAMETERS PROJECT OBJECTIVES SCHEDULE: Project to be completed for an year The firm has allocated $500,000 for this project. The biggest part of the costs for this project will be the FOH(factory over head-supervision,maintenance,prod maintenance) KNOWN CONSTRAINTS: RESOURCES: To be determined OTHER: The company desires to penetrate the pro player hockey segment but we are not sure that the players will want to change from Chinese hockey sticks to Canadian ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Charter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . RISK ASSESSMENT: (High, Medium, Low) Probability Impact External Risk TBD TBD Political Risk: Political pressures to protect current plants L L Market Risk: Risk losing reputation in hockey stick market if the project fails M H Internal Risk ? ? Schedule Risk: H H Budget Risk: H M Technical Risk: TBD L L Other Risk: Professional buyers preferring cheaper alternative L M PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL IMPACTS ORGANIZATIONS IMPACTED BY THE PROJECT INTERNAL: CONTACT TELEPHONE Engineering, Financial, Marketing EXTERNAL: CONTACT TELEPHONE Less price sensitive professionals REPORTING RELATIONSHIPS:   President and the Senior Management Committee will meet monday morning to discuss project . 2. Big chalk board with chart will be used during the discussion and brainstorming on it for ideas. COMPLETION CRITERIA 1. Report of feasibility and recommendations has been delivered and approved by corporate management. PROJECT PLANNING PARAMETERS DATE PLANNING COMPLETION DUE: ESTIMATED PLANNING BUDGET: $500,000 SIGN OFF SUBMITTED FOR PLANNING SIGNATURE DATE PROJECT MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER SPONSOR

Dust Bowl Bt Donald Worster Essays

Dust Bowl Bt Donald Worster Essays Dust Bowl Bt Donald Worster Paper Dust Bowl Bt Donald Worster Paper Dust Bowl: Donald Worster The 1930s are a decade marked by devastation; the nation was in an economic crisis, millions of people were going hungry, and jobless. America was going through some dark times. But if you were living in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas (or any of those surrounding states) you had bigger things on your mind than being denied the money in your bank account. From 1935-1939 Winds and dust storms had left a good portion of our country desolate; however our author takes a slightly different, though no less valid, opinion on the matter. In his book Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s Donald Worster blames mans inappropriate interference with nature that allowed these massive storms of dust that happen. My argument, however, is that there was a in fact a close link between the Dust Bowl and the Depression that the same society produced them both, and for similar reasons. Both events revealed fundamental weaknesses in the traditional culture of America, the one in ecological terms, the other in economic. Both offered a reason, and an opportunity, for substantial reform of that culture†¦Capitalism, it is my contention, has been decisive in this nations use of nature. (Worster pg 5). The 1920s were a time of prosperity for most Americans, but most farmers didn’t prosper. The price of farm produce fell below 40% and many farmers were struggling to keep their land, so as an alternative they moved. â€Å"During the 1920s there had been a net migration of 6 million people, most of them young or black, from farm and small village cities†¦and in 1932 the flow was actually reversed, as urban unemployment peaked. (Worster pg 47). As a consequence of the depression, there were more people on farms than had ever been in the nation’s history; more people were affected by the Dust Bowl than otherwise would have been. So what caused the Dust Bowl? The textbook answer is a combination of dry soil and massive winds, but like I’ve stated previously our author wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t totally agree with that. â€Å"The Old World ways of working the earth, however are disappearing†¦All over the world agriculture has been undergoing a more radical set of changes than it has at any time since its invention some 8000 years ago. (Worster pg 231). He wasn’t just referring to old farming practices; he meant how people use to appreciate the earth and all of the things she gave. He meant when farming was a reputable job and when what came from the earth was sacrosanct. Drought had caused the soil to become dry and loose by early 1930. This occurs mostly because the area most hurt by the Dust Bowl had once been grassland, in the early 1900s they had been converted into wheat lands because that was more lucrative. †¦and the dust storms of the following decade revealed, a self-destructive culture, cutting away the ground from under people’s feet. † (Worster pg 44). In decades previous to that there had been a technology boom as far as fa rm equipment went. â€Å"†¦some observer blame the dust storm of the 1930s of the misuse of this single implement. † (Worster pg 91). Western farmers had used plows to kill the grass. Greed and this disruption of nature is what Worster sees as the primary cause of the Dust Bowl. We used the earth as a form of capitalism; worked it to make money for us and gave nothing back. (Similar to what caused the Great Depression. ) He felt that as a nation we had deceived ourselves so we would feel vindicated for our actions, thereby alleviating any responsibility to fix what we broke. The Great Depression was in an economic crisis. Even today the Great Depression is the worst and longest period of high unemployment in modern times. Millions of Americans were left jobless and had to depend on government charity, then massive dust storms hit and further devastate our nation. (All of this occurring from a series of preventable events). This book was not meant to point a finger of blame, but intended to be seen as a warning that if we didn’t take responsibility for the most pivotal aspect of the dust bowl (the human one) then we would be forced to repeat it in one form or another. Work Cited Worster, Donald. Dust Bowl: The southern Plains in the 1930s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Arfa Batik

From the backyard of the founders house, our exclusive hand drawn batik is now a multi million ringgit industry with markets as far ranging as Europe and the Middle East. Our batik fashion house or haute couture combines contemporary design and traditional Malay motifs into batik of simple elegance, and are very much sought out by discerning customers from around the world. WHAT WE DO We are involve in various batik production processes from manufacturing from printing, colouring/dyeing, designing and tailoring, wholesaling, exporting to retailing of our batik products. We seek to open a chain of Noor Arfa Batik retail throughout the world through franchising. Noor Arfa is Malaysian’s largest commercial Batek producer. Noor Arfa has built a reputation as the leading manufacturer of superior hand – drawn fashion items and accessories. We also train and develop master craftsmen that consistently produce quality with excellence. We stand out as leader in our industry in the way we have perfected the art of combining distinct colour with classic designs and traditional Malay motives, to create Batek of simple elegance. The Market Noor Arfa Franchise operates in a dynamic and evolving marketplace. Consumers are presented with many options for batik textile and we see a growing interest in fashionable and contemporary batik that address the need to be trendy and yet unique in identity. We find our customers desiring the look that is Malaysian and yet global in application. Noor Arfa addresses this gap in the market by providing a more comprehensive product range that addresses the various needs of the different segment of the market for batik wear and textile. Our customers would also not have to worry about quality as we provide a consistent buying experience with our quality policy which is to produce excellent quality product that satisfy our customer needs. We also believe there are other areas of the market that would benefit from our products which we have not yet targeted. For example we see huge potential in offering our product to the trendy and fashionable young market which is looking for cool and â€Å"in† fashion wear. This is an area of the market that is fully aware of the benefits of self identity and yet contemporary.

The Crusades Saladin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Crusades Saladin - Research Paper Example The paper "The Crusades Saladin" discusses The Crusades Saladin. Besides heavy casualties, the expeditions influenced its participants in their various aspects of life to adopt new mannerisms, foods, cultural outlooks, learning, and weapons. The Born á ¹ ¢alÄ Ã¡ ¸ ¥ al-DÄ «n YÃ… «suf ibn AyyÃ… «b in 1138, Saladin emerged as a powerful and most influential Muslim sultan of his time. During his reign, Saladin led troops in wars geared at regaining holy lands such as Jerusalem, which were lost during earlier battles. This was achieved by conquering and unifying warring factions before defeating King Richard I of England in the Third crusade. As such, Saladin is regarded as a great leader for his role in uniting and leading the Muslim world into crusades such as the battle of Hattin through to the Third Crusade. This paper illustrates the life of á ¹ ¢alÄ Ã¡ ¸ ¥ al-DÄ «n YÃ… «suf ibn AyyÃ… «b with regard to his rise to power, leadership, and crusades. Saladin’s heritage is subject to debate among historians who fail in consensus on his paternal family origins. Some describe him as a Kurd while others illustrate an Arab and Turkish ancestry. Saladin’s father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub was a warden at Tikrit fortress after rising in prominence as a wealthy Kurdish chief and a noble Muslim before Saladin was born. For this reason, Ayyub developed administrative skills that made him useful to the then ruler. Tikrit was a significant city as a scholars centre to both Christians and Muslims. The thirst for power and wealth saw Ayyub assist a rival leader.... However, the thirst for power and wealth saw Ayyub assist a rival leader, Imad ad-Din Zangi Lord of Mosul, after his defeat by offering them refuge in Tikrit. Similarly, Shirkuh, Saladin’s uncle was accused of murder, which forced Ayyub and his family to flee with his family on the same night the Saladin was born (Nicolle 10). In 1139, Saladin's family moved to Mosul where Zangi received them and proceeded to appoint Ayyub as the commander of his fortress in Baalbek, Syria as acknowledgement of his help. Saladin spent most of his early life in Baalbek following his father’s military career, which would later play a critical role in nurturing his leadership skills. Saladin’s early childhood education focused on religion, ethics, and culture, which involved learning Arabic, poetry, grammar, and formal prayers (Burhan). In addition, Saladin studied the Koran and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad as demanded in accordance to Islamic traditions. Over time, he was mai nly interested in learning Islamic principles concerning Christians and Jews owing to the prevalent barbaric crusades in Jerusalem. This interest can also be attributed to the day he was born as his family was exiled following the murder of a Christian by his uncle. Saladin failed to understand how Islam called for noble treatment of Christians and Jews even as they were involved in massacres in Jerusalem, in the name of crusades. In spite of the controversy surrounding the ill treatment of Muslims by Christians, Saladin was guided by Sufism, which sought for a higher spiritual life and closer intimacy with God. With great influences such as his father and uncle, Saladin grew up in a cultured environment of Damascus where he completed his education. It is indicated that Saladin got

Business Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Business Analysis - Research Paper Example During their stay at the hotel they visit Bourbon Steak. Lots of flying premium category business people also chose this restaurant for their foods and beverages. The classy nature of the restaurant is significantly suitable with its target market. Signature coking style of the restaurant is also perfectly matched with the segment of target customers. The restaurant has bar facility (The Westin St. Francis, 2014). The facility of the bar has helped Bourbon Steak to attract the customer when they are in drinking mood. Prices of the menus in the restaurant are on the higher side it shows that target customers of the restaurants are generally not price sensitive in nature. Characteristics of the targeted customers are trendy, corporate and professional lifestyle oriented. Being premium business class people target customers are formal in nature. Here in this restaurant, target market is the premium business class people. Their expectations are to get state of the art facilities from the restaurant. Being a supreme business destination both global and local business people are the target markets of Bourbon Steak. Several business people from San Francisco and its surrounding areas are generally being targeted. Online booking system in the restaurant can target business people around the world. Target market of the restaurant is significantly structured in nature. They believe in structured frame work of the restaurant which is there in Bourbon Steak. Premium business class customers of the restaurant always search for the perfection in dining facilities which is suitable with the services available in the restaurant. Target customers of the restaurant belong to the business fraternity and manage lots of social relationship with the other business people. Positive campaigning through word of mouth about the restaurant by the target market is also a significant positive aspect which increases the customer base of the restaurant. The business executives often conduct

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Nowadays, a lot of people are dissatisfied with Computer Generated Images. They complain about unethical behavior in these images because these are usually unreal or copied version of the original; thus, this pictures can destroy the reputation of any brand (Spurgin, 2003). However, there are several reasons that show shooting a real picture is the best way for a business to promote its image. I. Relationship Between Photography and Business Photography is one of the steps of be success for a company. â€Å"The most successful brands achieve fame through their use of iconic imagery† (Roalfe, 2006, P.26) Long text ads are not useful any more, and these are not grab attention of any body. This not the thing that companies wants from ads. This is like just throw money to the garbage. On the other hand, a picture can grab attention of customers just at a glance, this is what really companies are need. Pictures act like a hook for Ads. â€Å"The reaction you want is for your images to hold people’s attention for as long as possible† (P.27). However, if picture is perfect, but irrelevant to companies’ product is worth nothing. Companies and advertisement agencies can make profit with having right, interesting, relevant and real picture of their ads, or they can have paper which â€Å"is not worth the paper it’s printed on†. (Muhleman, 2005, P. 23) II. Perfect Picture can Equal Successful Brand. â€Å"The visuals you use will create a perception of your firm in the mind of the people who see them† (P.24). â€Å"The right picture is worth a thousand  words. It can tell you story, showcase your products, and intrigue, interest or excite your audience† (P.23). The picture that a company uses for an ad is presenting not only company’s product but also the personality of the company (Muhleman, 2005). Who, How and How Much? â€Å"To know how best to present yourself and your firm, you first have to know who you are. And that’s not always as simple as it sounds† (P.25). After the company owners knows who they are and what they want, they can ask for a photo. However, it is difficult to decide which photo is better (Muhleman, 2005). However, more difficult thing is to find and choose a photographer. Uli Weber, photographer, gives an example: â€Å"choosing photographer for MS company is never as easy as one might think. MS is not a high fashion brand but it is the nation’s favorite high-street fashion brand. Most of the top fashion photographers only really specialize in high fashion. Their shots usually turn the models into something quite cold, where as we were looking for warmth and humanity for MS† (Roalfe, 2006, P.26). Here is one the way to find the best photographer for a company: â€Å"Better yet, get help with photography from your agency or public relations partner. They’re already familiar with photographers in area, and can often get you a better deal with the good ones due to other relationship† (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). How much really should pay for a good photo?! There is not a particular price for a perfect image. Price is depending on company’s job. Further, company’s location, how many photo, when, where and what is subject are make different price (Muhleman, 2005). â€Å"The best advice is to check around look at photographer portfolios, find a few whose work you likes, and get several quotes. Often negotiate based on use. Try to get a buy-out of rights so you can use images whenever and wherever you need them† (P.26). Price is not as important as people think. If a photographer with cheaper price cannot give company what they really want and need, company will be in trouble because of wasting money and time. Remember, â€Å"It is not about your own personal choice of what you think might make a good shot; it’s about what is right for the brand† (Roalf, 2006, P.26). The other way to have perfect photo is using stock photos. However, there is always one problem that â€Å"photos are â€Å"royalty free†. And because you’re not buying the rights, they’re wide open to anyone to use at any time, so there’s a good chance you’ll see them in others ads, including your competitors† (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). Absolutely, a company pay for the rights to a photo, with high quality, the cost is higher but company has the photo that its needs and wants (Muhleman, 2005). According to Photography It’s a Relationship by Graham Medcalf, the other way to find better photographer is having campaign. â€Å"That’s where the agent comes in, and Force believes strongly in the concept of collective of different talents that can be recommended to achieve the desired result. Despite this, she says, â€Å"at the end of the day agencies are going to choose the photographer want to choose† (Medcalf, 2008, P.28). I II. The effects of digital technology on photo market Digital technology has effected to different section of market, photographer jobs and photo market which includes manufactures and customers behavior (Medcalf, 2008). â€Å"Photography has changed more in the past decade than ever before. Digital and internet have meant big changes for the industry and photographers have had to re-educate themselves and adopt to change very quickly† (P.26). Further, digital cameras are easy to use which is increasing the number of pictures taken. A lot of people who used to have a photographer for their ceremonies, wedding and anniversaries are taking advantage of digital photo cameras, and they shoot photos by their self. Thus, wedding photography has been affected negatively. In fact, wedding photographers are trying to survive by having ads like â€Å"your wedding day is the most important day for your life† (Havkins, J K, 2006, P.35), but ads are not as useful as they need. On the other hand, the other photographers like photojournalism, documentary photographer and action photographer take advantage of stock photography. â€Å"There are many publications that use images from photographers in different markets, because locals do not submit their own work† (P.35). Digital technology helps photographer to stock photos easier, faster and  cheaper; also, with fewer changes from original ones. Another advantage is saving time (Roalfe, 2006). â€Å"The advantage of working on digital is that you can see the images straight away on screen. This allows for a much quicker turn around because you can pick and choose images as you go along, immediately after each shot has been taken† (Roalfe, 2006, P.27). The number of digital picture taken has been increased rapidly. â€Å"Even accounting for population growth the exponential growth of photos is incredible (we take 4 times as many photos as 10 year ago). In total we have now taken over 3.5 trillion photos. The kind of photos we are taking has changed drastically – analog photos have almost disappeared – but the growth of photos continues.† (Good, 2011, Para.5) â€Å"According to survey by unity marketing (ww.unitymarketingonline.com), 44% of consumers agreed with the following statement regarding their participation in photography: â€Å"I enjoy taking pictures. I do so throughout the year, not only for special occasions. I like having a lot of pictures†. On the other hand, approximately one third of responders were less involved and agreed with this statement: â€Å"I take pictures occasionally on holidays and special occasions. Some time taking picture is a bother† (Miller Washington, 2007, P.86). This survey shows not only people who enjoy photography but also the other group prefers to take picture by their self which has been effected photo market; U.S. market is a good example. â€Å"According to the consumer Electronic Association (www.ce.org) 23.16 million digital cameras sold in 2005, a 22.8% increase over 2004. The value of digital cameras sold in 2005 was $6.13 billion, a 29.7% increase† (P.86). Photography industries needed to change their plan; process lines, machines even staff for producing digital camera that is cost a lot and take a long time. Kodak was one of the largest photo industries in the world. For being  successful in the market, Kodak had been trying to revenue their process line. According to Picture Imperfect written by Carry Barret and David F. Carr established in September 2004, for surviving as a digital enterprise Kodak were supposed to change all process lines from analog to digital if so they could give new products and services to their customers. Their problem did not only has changed analog camera to digital but also the way people print pictures. People prefer to print at home instead of taking time to have print from industry printers. They do not need to go out, and they do not need to pay a lot for have high quality photo. They save time and money. On the other hand, home printing has been decreasing the profit of companies like Epson and Canon. In short, after having huge budget for startup new process lines and trying to survive Kodak is facing bankruptcy in 2011(Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection, 2012). The effect of digital technology is not only negative. Social network websites like Facebook and Flickr, and digital camera and printer maker industries like Canon, Epson, Hewlett-Packard and Sony are raising huge money annually. In conclusion, photography is one of the most important parts of market. All companies needs photo for their advertising. Because of the digital cameras, the number of photographers has been growing up which makes more competition so companies can have better advertise. This is a sad fact that some businesses have been losing money because of the digital technology. However, the advantages of digital technology are more. People enjoy photography more than past decade, which makes more needs to the market. In addition a lot of businesses have a chance to find customer needs and use them to be successful. References Miller, R. K., Washington, K. D. (2007). CHAPTER 14: PHOTOGRAPHY. In , Leisure Market Research Handbook (pp. 86-88). Richard K. Miller Associates. Medcalf, G. (2008). Photography : Its a relationship thing. Admedia, 23(8), 26-31. Roalfe, M. (2006). THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY. Campaign (UK), 26-27. Spurgin, E. W. (2003). Whats Wrong with Computer-Generated Images of Perfection in Advertising?. Journal Of Business Ethics, 45(3), 257-268. Barrett, L., Carr, D. F. (2004). PICTURE IMPERFECT. Baseline, (34), 28-48. Muhleman, J. (2005). Picture Your Brand. Franchising World, 37(2), 23-26. Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection. Retrieved January 19, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16625725 Good, J. (2011). How many photos have ever been taken?, from http://1000memories.com/blog/94-number-of-photos-ever-taken-digital-and-analog-in-shoebox Hawkins, J. and Hawkins, K. (2006). Marketing and Selling Techniques for Photographers. Buffalo, N.Y.: Amherst Media

Classification of Psychic Experiences Essay -- Classification Essays

Classification of Psychic Experiences Generally speaking, psychic experiences which deal with receiving information from an outside source, either living or passed on can be classified into the following categories: psychometry, telepathy, clairvoyance, clairaudience, automatic writing and channeling. Two more psychic techniques, assumption and projection, deal with transferring the personality to a remote location. Psychometry is the art of receiving information about someone by touching an object commonly carried by that person such as a key chain or jewelry. The scope of this paper does not include explaining how psychometry, or any other psychic art is performed, but they do work. I once held someone's keys, closed my eyes and waited for images to appear. Nothing happened. I was miffed and stopped trying to get an image. Then my hands started to itch and suddenly in my mind's eye, I saw boxes being stacked up to form a wall. The man whose keys I was holding was a mason. Another time, I held a woman's ring, closed my eyes and immediately my throat closed up, my chest caught fire and I couldn't breathe. I snapped myself out of it and found that the woman had serious respiratory problems. Her ring was extremely hot when I handed it back to her. These two people were complete strangers I partnered with at a psychic workshop. Psychometry does work, though it may not work all the time, o r work for everyone. Telepathy is more loosely defined. In general, telepathy is a method of receiving information about someone. Telepathy is different from psychometry in that an object is not used. The information pertains to past, present or future events. The way it is transmitted can be visual, as with clairvoyance,... ...g. The CIA became interested because they wanted to know what the Soviets were up to and so they funded the graduates' work for twenty years. Eventually, the CIA stopped funding them and the grad students dabbled in the commodities market. Once again they met with success in eleven out of eleven tries. When asked why they didn't continue and become billionaires, they answered that their remote viewing talents gave them peace of mind, and somehow making money on their talent didn't seem quite right and so they stopped. They are still active in their research at Stanford. This essay is by no means a conclusive discourse on the variety of psychic phenomena present in the world. Other fascinating abilities exist including everything from telekinesis, raising objects, to raising the dead. That, at least, is one psychic gift no one is practicing at the moment.

Development Assistance Essay

The best way for international donors to quicken development in poor Asian countries is to maximize overseas developmental assistance. ODA should be provided both to governments directly and to international and local NGOs. † Development can be considered as one of the most omnipresent concepts today. This term had been a commonplace in governments and non-governmental organizations alike (Nault, 2008). Overseas developmental assistance also referred to as official overseas assistance (ODA), had been a vital part of world economies especially to those who belong to the third world. As early as 1960s, underdeveloped and developing countries have seen the importance of receiving grants in forms of ODA from more developed countries (Berlage and Stokke, 1992) It is now given that most of the countries, which are underdeveloped, or those who are still in the process of developing are indeed in great need of ODAs coming from their more developed counterparts. The lack of resources on the part of the poor countries makes them suffer the opportunity cost of not attending to other pressing issues in within their territories. This paper will present arguments in two fold. First, it will make a point on how international donors can quicken development in poor Asian countries by maximizing the amount it gives through ODAs. Second, it will argue on why is there a necessity to give funds directly to international and local NGOs rather than just giving it to the government; it having the sole discretion on the funds’ disbursement. Similar to the case in developed countries, rising and relentless budget deficits had become one of the major causes for concern in developing countries. Asian countries have been suffering from massive budget deficits for the past recent years (Gupta, 1992). Given that most of the developing and underdeveloped countries are suffering from budget deficit, there really is a need that ODAs should be intensified in order to address other social concerns that are being neglected by the governments due to lack of budget. These social concerns, which deals with welfare and other public issues are often taken for granted by governments despite their noble ideas because they lack resources in financing these programs. If resources will be provided through ODA, the local government will be better equipped of bringing service to their people. Aside from mere economic progress, development must also entail improvements with regard to life expectancy, education levels, literacy, and access to resources (Nault, 2008). With more funds, which are easily available to finance social programs of the government, people may easily reap the benefits of ODAs coming from developed countries. The funds coming from the ODA can be allocated to programs aimed at empowering the grassroots and improving the living conditions of the people. With regard to economic progress, there is also a great need for the funds, which are given by more developed countries. Given the lack of resources of underdeveloped countries, they have no enough assets to stimulate their respective economies. Nowadays, government-initiated economic policies are necessary to save the worsening condition of the global economy. The world economy is being threatened by massive recessions. Hence, there is a necessity for state intervention in stimulating the economy. ODAs can be used by the government to back up state-initiated economic programs aimed at ameliorating the country’s economy. ODAs may be used as capital by the government and also as investment so that it would yield to higher profits in the future. ODAs can also be used by the government in coming up with schemes that will help protect the economy from the global trend of economic downturns by implementing regulations, which will somehow put safety nets to the national economy. ODAs may be used in employment training and job creation in order to assure that the citizens of the country are equipped with appropriate knowledge, which they may use in finding employment. Having established the necessity of increasing the amount of ODAs being transferred by developed countries to their poorer and less fortunate counterparts of Asia, the argumentation will shift towards the necessity of diverting funds not only to state governments but to non-governmental organizations as well. First, the author of this paper acknowledges the vital role being played by the government with regard to managing ODAs. Much substance have been given earlier in this paper and it is beyond argumentation that state-government acceptance of ODAs is indeed necessary. However, a new concept is being realized and offered which relates to the offering of ODAs from developed nations directly to international and local NGOs in the country. Perhaps one of the reasons to such proposition is the lessening trust of developed nations to their underdeveloped counterparts in Asia when it comes with governance. Many Asian countries, especially those who are financially-burdened, are often described in the international arena as engaging in the process of corruption. Documented evidence is being studied to support such claim (Lindsey and Dick, 2002). Good governance within the public sphere is indeed crucial in creating an environment, which will help mobilize resources, both domestically and internationally as well (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2002). Grantors of ODAs take into consideration the political climate within the country, which will receive their grant. They give premium to those who are practicing good governance. However, most countries in Asia had been involved in cases related to corruption. Hence, they do not appear as flawless to those who are sending them their ODAs. On the other hand, NGOs send a message of altruism to the international community. These NGOs project an image that they are indeed concerned in bringing progress to the countries where they have offices in. They appear as the good guys, whose business is to promote the welfare of the oppressed. NGOs are also offering programs that are aimed at bringing progress and development to their host countries. Sometimes, such programs from the NGOs are not being offered by state-governments. Another point is the fact that since grantors of aids are losing trust to corrupt governments, they are finding alternative channels to send their ODAs to residents of the receiving countries. Most NGOs in the international levels have earned themselves of the reputation to help others due to their noble causes. In spite of the manner as to how developed countries will be sending in their grants, what matters most is the fact that these grants are indeed helpful in bring progress and development to underdeveloped countries. References Berlage L. and Stokke, O. (1992). Evaluating Development Assistance: Approaches and Method. London: Routledge Publishing. Gupta, K. L. (1992). Budget Deficits and Economic Activity in Asia. London, Routledge Publishing. Lindsey, T. and Dick, H. W. (2002). Corruption in Asia: rethinking the governance paradigm. Annandale: NSW Federation Press. Nault D. M. (2008). Development in Asia: Interdisciplinary, Post-Neoliberal, and Transnational Perspectives. Boca Raton: Brown Walker Press. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2002). Official development assistance and private finance: attracting finance and investment to developing countries. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Measure Power- International Relations

Answer to Question 1 Power in international relations is measured first by the economic standing of the states involved, that is, by the state’s current economic status. Immanuel Wallerstein proposed that economic power may well be the key to understanding power relations between countries belonging from the First and Third World; the latter as source of raw materials and skilled manpower and the former the producer of finished product Those countries which have a large military have the high probability of compelling other countries (which have relatively weaker armed force) to obey its political will. — A state can be powerful in three different senses: economic, geographical, and militarily. A large country may have a considerable bargaining power in international relations as in the case of China; a military state like the Soviet Union and an economic power like Germany. Answer to Question 2 During ancient times, power is roughly measured by the geographical size of a state. The terms â€Å"empire, kingdom, vassal state, and satraps (vassal kingdoms)† prove that saliency of state size as a factor of power. During the middle ages, the same can be applied but with much modification. Those kingdoms and duchies close to the Roman See were given special favors (such as blessings to be crowned the next king or duke), hence they become powerful. In modern times, technology and high economic output (GNP) is the measurement of power; as reasons stated earlier (only the predominant measurement of power is recognized). Answer to Question 3 Both countries have large armed forces, with a large arsenal of nuclear weapons. The United States is an economic power, while the Soviet Union has faced serious economic turndowns. US is the â€Å"leader† of NATO and USSR of the Warsaw Pact countries – the former is more solid and militarily efficient, and the latter of loose military federation of countries. Nevertheless, in world history, both countries were deemed as superpowers for their ability to compel other nations to obey its political agenda. References: Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974. The Modern World System. 2nd volume. New York Academic Press. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_power      

The ring essays

The ring essays The film The Ring is about a young girl who is terribly murdered by her unruly mother. The story shows how the young girl gets people to realise how she was killed in a very disturbing way. The main way to show this is to kill them in a similar way, unjustified and terrifying. Also the fact that you feel you have no control over of whats going to happen to you once youve viewed the tape. It took seven days for her to die in the circumstances that she was in. The person who her message gets through to is Rachel, a New York journalist, who enlists the help of her ex-husband Noah, a video expert and her less than normal son Aiden who is also Noahs son. Her investigations, along with Noah, eventually lead to Noahs death. The film is definitely a horror as there is a lot of suspense and uncertainty, this is shown right from the opening sequence when Becca and Katie are talking on the bed disusing a supposed killer tape and the possible outcomes of watching the tape. Then one of the girls admits to viewing a weird tape the previous week, then to shock you one of them acts out what she thinks will happen to you if you watch the tape. When you realise that she is pretending you feel relieved. One of the ideas the girls had about the tape is that the phone rings when this happens the camera zooms in on the phone this makes you unaware of anything going on around the phone. This helps build suspense, this is typical of a horror. Finally after a week of viewing the tape, sure enough, the phone rings. This causes you to panic and worry. This feeling is present in any decent horror movie. When you find out that it is indeed her Mum on the phone, you are glad that the girls are safe, this is often referred to a being relieved. The traditional ingredients for a horror film are a creepy implied violence and screaming, innocent victims pleading for their lives. Also the approach to the music and the way that the ...

Ratio Analysis Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ratio Analysis Memorandum - Essay Example The solvency ratio looks at the organizations ability to pay long term debt and interest on debts (Bull, 2008). By looking at the debt to asset ratio it can be seen that the organization’s reliance on debt financing is increasing as this ratio has increased from 0.39 in 2008 to 0.79 in 2009. From the analysis the organization is generally still performing well, however, there is need to improve on the profitability of the organization which is decreasing from as seen in the analysis. This can be done by decreasing the expenses of the organization. The current and the quick ration also needs to be improved as they have both decreased in 2009 as compared to 2008 which is mainly contributed by the increase in the current portion of long term debt as per the Balance sheet. The organization needs to pay off these current liabilities in the shortest time possible for the improvement in the ratios to happen. The organization also needs to also reduce the solvency ratio by reducing its liabilities so as to ensure that the reliance on debt financing does not increase.

Do Mobile Applications Creat Faster Interfaces than Mobile Website Essay

Do Mobile Applications Creat Faster Interfaces than Mobile Website Design - Essay Example The two popular ways of accessing websites are mobile applications and mobile website design. The website design is a site that can re-design itself to fit various sizes of devices e.g. phones, tablets, desktops and others. An application is a program meant to accomplish a goal; it is downloaded by the user for use (Duckett 43). The design process involves the use of software to design a site. A two dimensional plane is used to help the creator imagine a site. The creator then defines actions to guide visitors of the site or app. The next step is to choose and mix colors and test the site (Myers 92). When creating the applicationWhen the application was used by a volunteer, it was found that the app provided a faster interface than the website. The browsing process was fast. The reason behind this is the fact that the application uses mainly UI elements. This means the application uses the data necessary only. This process saves on time. However, a complaint raised by the volunteer was that the application took a long time to launch. The time taken to launch the application will have to be reduced to increase efficiency. Maintenance of the app requires that it is frequently updated to keep up with new information relevant to the company or institution. Below is a screenshot of the coding

What to do with waste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What to do with waste - Essay Example To imagine, the amount of wastes being generated in hundreds of million to billion tonnes per year on a global scale should be alarming to the point we could not at all afford to neglect the issue and show meager efforts toward resolution of the encompassing matter. Actually, no exact statistical figures convey the immense number that must be dealt with since there are unreported cases of waste generation in several countries yet we can only be certain of the fact that waste quantities increase as they vary in direct proportion with human activities, material and energy consumption, as well as the widely experienced technological growth through time. The world has long struggled at managing waste disposals and treating wastes due chiefly to insufficient funds and appropriate fields of study that lack resources in terms of skilled researchers or interested experts who may be visualized together as solid passionate teams in creating ideas and innovating systems that efficiently address waste problems. Given this ever-worsening scenario, thus, we are brought to ask in serious enthusiastic tone â€Å"What do we and can we really do about our wastes on this planet in order to save mother nature, human health, and probably settle other critical concerns thereafter?† At one aspect, we can think of the fossil fuel crisis that affects almost everyone in the world and consider the equivalence fossil fuels make with contemporary wastes. By common knowledge, we are aware that fossil fuels are derived from organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals that undergo natural process of anaerobic decomposition. It normally takes 700 million years for decaying plant and animal matters to be fossilized upon exposure to extreme levels of heat and pressure. So how exactly would wastes, in relative measure, account for the risks of fossil fuel depletion? The point of advantage lies at discovering wastes as possible substitute for fossil fuels based on similar useful compo nents such as coal, natural gas, oil, or petroleum which may be recovered from a bulk of wastes’ organic composition. A successful content analysis must illustrate, by comparative studies, how wastes could feasibly become a good alternative for such non-renewable source of energy as their commonalities basically indicate that wastes are rich in carbon, hydrogen, and other elements capable of evolving heat energy upon combustive mechanisms. Once we have wholly figured such feasibility of producing energy with wastes through large volumetric yields of hydrocarbons, the next approach would be to come up with practical tools and methods relevant for the task. Hence, realizing the full potential of wastes in the context of possibly replacing fossil fuels should in part respond to the main query. Moreover, in the attempt to carry out energy conversions via exothermic reactions with wastes in solid and gaseous states, it would be necessary to establish medium to large-scale fuel pla nts just as what Dr. Martin Linck proposed to do in aiming for a 300,000-gallon per day production of fuel. An article written by Earth Times online columnist Dave Armstrong entitled â€Å"What to do with waste? Make our own fossil fuels!† notes Dr. Linck’s attendance and discourse during the 244th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia where a scientific breakthrough known as the Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion Process (IH2) was introduced. According to Armstrong, â€Å"IH2 was developed by Dr. Linck’s Gas Technology Institute (GTI) in Des Plaines – Hydrogen from the waste and many cheaper catalysts move the processes by which the ‘feedstock’ raw materials are converted into the oily products.† Apparently, in this setting, wastes enter a type of modern technology which would manufacture gaseous hydrogen and oils as ready-to-use fuels. At this stage, we may further extend thought to the probability of ad opting designs for fuel production at optimum level and we may to some degree be glad on

Prochaskas Stages of Changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Prochaskas Stages of Changes - Essay Example The stage preparation is different from contemplation. While developing ideas there arise solutions to develop changes. During the preparation phase a long term planning which is practicable is to be considered predominantly. In this plan there must be technicalities to reveal how harmful old habits can be avoided successfully. There must also be certain tips to show how these technicalities can be employed properly. In the preparation stage people must provide more considerations for changes in the life. Anxiety is the killer element at this preparation stage. By employing small steps the anxiety can be counterchecked perfectly. People can arrange a specific time for doing commitments in a very suitable and reliable way. It is better to make a master plan for the utilization of the time allotted to perform commitments. Another way to make the process more vigorous is to tell other individuals about the master plan and its application. People must learn to utilize the time properly i n the preparation stage because the aim to create a change in people’s lifestyle is a long term process. The peculiarity of the preparation stage is that it focuses on the future of individuals in all respects. It also analyzes reliable solutions for future benefits while accommodating changes in the lifestyle of people. Hence this is different from contemplation. The existence of a problem is given more importance in this stage and the plans designing sort such problem must be highly realistic. The expecting change will not take place instantly. It will take considerable time to achieve the result as per the planning. Since this is a gradual transformation the time frame requires to fulfill the desired result is nearly one year. Hence people have patience to practice the solutions mentioned in the planning. It needs tremendous effort which consumes time. Once a plan is prepared to boost changes, then the next step is action. Action can never equalize the change with respect to the planning. If anybody is in action, it provides the implication that he has been processing to accommodate changes in life. It doesn’t mean that the change is over. Action is one of the steps in total changes. By concentrating on action stage one can change his behavior and nature of life style. People utilize time and energy at this action stage for bringing changes in their life.  

Business Essays Marketing Strategies HSBC

Business Essays Marketing Strategies HSBC HSBC Marketing Strategies One of the largest banking and financial services organisation in the world is known as the HSBC Group. It has established businesses in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. In 1991, HSBC holdings were incorporated in England, with its head office based in London. In 1999, the company established its international brand name, which ensured that the Groups corporate symbol became a familiar sight all across the world. HSBC differentiates its brand name from those of its competitors by describing the unique characteristics which distinguish HSBC, namely being, The worlds local bank. As at 31st December 2004, its total asset was valued at  £660 billion. It has over 9,800 offices worldwide. It employs over 253, 000 people, across different countries and territories. Its shares are held by around 200,000 people in some 100 countries and territories. The companys shares are also traded on most of the worlds renowned stock exchanges, namely, London, P aris, New York, and Bermuda stock exchanges respectively. One of the major tools it uses for functionality on a worldwide scale is the companys use of information technology. Its e-business channels include the internet, PC banking, interactive TV, and telephone banking. It maintains its own private network (intranet and extranet), in which HSBCs websites attracted 900 million visits in 2004. The HSBC group provides a comprehensive range of financial services namely: Personal Financial Services: It has over 100 million personal consumers worldwide (including Consumer Finance customers). It provides a full range of personal finance services, including current and savings accounts, mortgages, insurance, loans, credit cards, pensions, and investment services. It is one of the worlds top ten issuers of credit cards. Consumer Finance: The Companys Finance Corporations consumer finance business ensures point of sale credit to consumers, and lends money and provides related services to meet the financial needs of everyday people. In 2004, it completed the integration of its former household businesses. Commercial Banking: HSBC is a leading provider of financial services to small, medium-sized and middle market enterprises. The group has over two million such customers, including sole proprietors, partnerships, clubs, and associations, incorporated businesses and publicly quoted companies. In the UK, 209 Commercial Centre were launched to provide improved relationship management for higher value small-medium-sized enterprise customers, while in Hong Kong, Business Banking Centres, were expanded to provide a one-stop service. Corporate Investment Banking and Markets: Tailored financial services are provided to corporate and financial clients. Business lines include Global Markets, Corporate and Institutional Banking, Global Transaction Banking, and Global Investment Banking. Global Markets includes foreign exchange, fixed income, derivatives, equities, metals trade, and other trading businesses. Corporate and Institutional Banking covers relationship management and lending activities. Global Transaction Banking includes payment and cash management, trade services, supply chain, securities services, and wholesale banknotes businesses. Global Investment Banking involves investment banking advisory, and investment banking financing activities. Private Banking: HSBC is one of the worlds top private banking businesses, providing financial services to high net worth individual and families in 70 different locations. HISTORY OF THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION The HSBC group evolved from The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was founded in 1865 in Hong Kong with offices in Shanghai, London, and an agency in San Francisco, USA. The company expanded primarily through already established offices in the banks name until the mid 1950s when it began to create or acquire subsidiaries. The following are some of the key transitions in the Groups growth and history since 1959. In 1959, HSBC acquired the British Bank of the Middle East formerly known as the Imperial Bank of Persia. In 1965, it acquired a majority shareholding of the Hang Seng Bank Limited. In 1971, the British Bank of the Middle East acquired a minority stake of 20% in the Cyprus Popular Bank Limited, which currently trades as the Laiki Group. In 1972, Midland Bank acquired a shareholding in UBAF Bank Limited (now known as British Arab Commercial Bank Limited). In 1978, the Saudi British Bank is established under local control to take over the British Bank of the Middle Easts branches in Saudi Arabia. In 1980, it acquired 51% of New York States Marine Midland Bank (now known as HSBC Bank USA). At the same time Midland acquired a controlling interest leading German private bank, Trinkaus and Burkhardt (now known as HSBC Trinkaus Burkhardt KGaA). In 1981, HSBC established a branch in Vancouver, Canada. In the same year the Group acquired a controlling interest in Equator Holdings Limited, wh ich was a merchant bank engaged in trade finance in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1982, Egyptian British Bank S.A.E. is formed, with the HSBC group holding a 40% stake. In 1983, Marine Midland Bank acquired Carroll McEntee and McGinley (now HSBC securities (USA) inc.), a New York based primary dealer in US government securities. In 1986, HSBC Australia was established. In 1987, it acquired the remaining shares of Marine Midland and a 14.9% equity interest in Midland Bank (now HSBC Bank Plc). In 1991, HSBC Holdings was established (as mentioned previously); its shares were traded for the first time in London and Hong Kong stock exchanges. In 1992, it purchased the remaining equity stake in Midland Bank. In 1993, it moved its head office to London. In 1994, HSBC Malaysia was established. In 1997, the group established a subsidiary in Brazil, Banco HSBC Bamerindus S.A., and acquired Roberts S.A. de Inversiones in Argentina, HSBC Brazil, and HSBC Argentina, respectively. In 1999, shares of HSBC began trading on a third stock exchange, New York. In the same year it acquired, Republic New York Corporation, which was then integrated into HSBC USA Inc and its sister company Safra Republic holdings S.A. (now known as HSBC Republic Holdings Luxembourg). At the same time Midland acquired a 70.03% stake in Mid-Med Bank Plc (now HSBC Bank Malta Plc.), the biggest commercial bank in Malta. In 2000, HSBC acquired CCF, one of the largest Banks in France. Its shares were also traded on a fourth stock exchange, Paris. The group also increased its shareholding in the Egyptian British Bank to over 90% and then later renames it HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E. It went on to acquire Demirbank TAS, now HSBC Bank A.S., Turkeys fifth largest private Bank in 2001. Additionally, it signed an agreement to purchase 8% stake in the Bank of Shanghai. In 2002, it acquired Grupo Financiero Bital, S.A., de C.V., one of Mexicos largest financial services groups; and a 10% interest in Ping An Insurance Company of China Limited, the second largest life insurance operation in China. In 2003, it acquired Household International (now HSBC Finance Corporation), a leading US consumer finance company; and Lloyds TSBs Brazilian assets including Losango Promotora de Vendas Ltda, a major consume credit institution. Four French private banking subsidiaries combine to form HSBC Private Bank France. The companys insurance brokers at the same time formed a joint venture Beijing HSBC Insurance Brokers Ltd, in which it has a 24.9% stake. Hang Seng Bank also acquired about 16% of Industrial Bank Co. Ltd, a mainland Chinese Commercial Bank, and HSBC agrees to purchase 505 of Fujian Asia Bank Limited (now known as Ping An Bank Limited). In 2004, it acquired the Bank of Bermuda Ltd, a leading provider of fund administration, trust, custody, asset management, and private banking services. It also opened in a fifth stock exchange, the Bermuda stock exchange. In the same year it acquired about 20% of the Bank of Communications Limited, Chinas fifth largest bank. EXISTING LITERATURE REVIEW Around the world corporations are increasingly becoming aware of the enhanced value that corporate branding strategies can provide for an organization. According to Weitz and Wensley (1988), they define marketing strategy as an indicator that is specific towards which activities are to be targeted and the types of competitive advantages that are to be developed and exploited. Implicitly, the strategy requires clear objectives and a focus in line with an organisations corporate goals; the right customers must be targeted more effectively than they are by its competitors, and associated marketing mixes should be developed into marketing programmes that successfully implement the marketing strategy, Varadarajan (1999). A strategic market plan is an outline of the methods and resources required to achieve an organisations goals within a specific target market. It takes into account not only marketing but also all the functional aspects of a business unit that must be co-ordinated. These functional aspects include production, finance and personnel. Environmental issues are an important consideration as well. The concept of the strategic business unit is used to define areas for consideration in a specific strategic market plan. Each strategic business unit (SBU) is a division, product line or other profit centre within a parent company. Each sells a distinct set of products to an identifiable group of customers, and each competes with a well defined set of competitors, Dibb et al. (2001). Each SBUs revenues, costs, investments and strategic plans can be separated and evaluated apart from those of the parent company. SBUs operate in a variety of markets, which have differing growth rates, opportunitie s, degrees of competition and profit making potential. HSBCs business units includes, personal financial services, consumer finance, commercial banking, corporate investment banking and markets, and finally, private banking. Strategic planners within the group therefore must recognise the different performance capabilities of each business unit and carefully allocate resources or strategically implement its business objectives in order to meet the companys long term goals. They must also ensure that the business units complement each other for the greater good of the overall business. The process of strategic market planning yields a marketing strategy that is the framework for a marketing plan. A marketing plan includes the framework and entire set of activities to be performed; it is the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organisations marketing activities. Thus a strategic market plan is not the same as a marketing plan; it is a plan of all aspects of an organisations strategy in the marketplace, Dibb et al. (1996). A marketing plan, in contrast, deals primarily with implementing the marketing strategy as it relates to target markets and the marketing mix, Abell and Hammond (1979). To achieve its marketing objectives, an organisation must develop a marketing strategy, or a set of marketing strategies. The set of marketing strategies that are implemented and used at the same time is referred to as the organisations marketing programme. Most marketing programmes centre on a detailed marketing mix specification and include internal controls and procedures to ensure that they are implemented effectively. Through the process of strategic market planning, an organisation can develop marketing strategies that, when properly implemented and controlled, will contribute to the achievement of its marketing objectives and its overall goals. However, Harris (2002) argues that companies operating in the financial services market, particularly the big four retail banks (HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds TSB, and the Royal Bank of Scotland (with its acquisition of Natwest), primarily rely on generic marketing strategies. To formulate a marketing strategy, the marketer identifies and anal yses the target market and develops a marketing mix to satisfy individuals in that market. Marketing strategy is best formulated when it reflects the overall direction of the organisation and is co-ordinated with all the companys functional areas. The strategic market planning process is based on an analysis of the broader marketing environment, by which it is very much affected. Marketing environment forces such as legal forces, political forces, technological forces, economic and competitive forces, societal/green forces, and regulatory forces, can place constraints on an organisation and possibly influence its overall goals; they also affect the amount and type of resources that a business can acquire, Dibb et al (2001). They also do create favourable opportunities as well, such as internet banking in which HSBC and Merrill Lynch created an online banking and investment facility, which has proved profitable for both companys as a whole, Eppendorfer et al. (2002). Marketing enviro nment variables play a part in the creation of a marketing strategy. When environment variables affect an organisations overall goals, resources, opportunities or marketing objectives, they also affect its marketing strategies, which are based on the factors mentioned previously. They impact consumers needs, desires and they affect competitors plans. Now, according to Polito (2005), branding in the classic sense is all about creating unique identities and positions for products and services, hence distinguishing the offerings from competitors. Corporate branding employs the same methodology and toolbox used in product branding, but it also elevates the approach a step further into the board room, where additional issues around stakeholder relations (shareholders, media, competitors, governments and many others) can help the corporation benefit from a strong and well-managed corporate branding strategy. Not surprisingly, a strong and comprehensive corporate branding strategy requires a high level of personal attention and commitment from the CEO and the senior management to become fully effective and meet the objectives. Corporate branding is a serious undertaking that entails more skills and activities than just an updated glossy marketing facade with empty jargon. A strong corporate branding strategy can add significant value in terms of helping the entire corporation and the management team to implement the long-term vision, create unique positions in the market place of the company and its brands, and not the least to unlock the leadership potential within the organization. Hence a corporate branding strategy can enable the corporation to further leverage on its tangible and non-tangible assets leading to branding excellence throughout the corporation, Polito (2005). HSBC as stated in the latter has in recent years acquired a vast number of companies across the globe and adopted them fully under its international corporate brand with great success and within a surprising short timeframe. A strong brand is about building and maintaining strong perceptions in the minds of customers. This takes time to establish and many resources to keep, but eventually no one remembers what the local banks used to be called, and HSBC has managed to transfer the brand equities from the acquired brands into its own corporate brand equity. There are several benefits for employing a branding strategy that a corporation can exploit. First of all, a strong corporate brand is no less or more than the face of the business strategy, portraying what the corporation aims at doing and what it wants to be known for in the market place. The corporate brand is the overall umbrella for the corporations activities and encapsulates its vision, values, personality, positioning and image among many other dimensions. Think of HSBC, which has successfully implemented a stringent corporate branding strategy. HSBC employs the same common expression throughout the globe with a simple advertising strategy based on the slogan The worlds local bank.  This creative platform enables the corporation to bridge between many cultural differences, and to portray many faces of the same strategy. Additionally, HSBCs brand name has enabled a number of key mergers and acquisitions (mentioned previously) around the globe, which has so far strengthened its market presence in the banking world, Brand Finance (2000). The Marketing Strategies of the HSBC Group 2005 Towards the end of 2003, HSBC launched Managing for Growth, a strategic plan that provides HSBC with a blueprint for growth and development during the next five years. The strategy is evolutionary, not revolutionary. It builds on HSBCs strengths and it addresses the areas where further improvement is considered both desirable and attainable. HSBC concentrates on growing earnings over the long term at a rate which will place it favourably when compared with its peer group. Also it focuses on investing in its delivery platforms, its technology, its people and its brand to support the future value of HSBC as reflected in its comparative stock market rating and total shareholder return (TSR). HSBC remains committed to benchmarking its performance by comparison with a peer group. Its core values are integral to its strategy, and communicating them to customers, shareholders and employees is deemed as intrinsic to the plan. These values comprise an emphasis on long-term, ethical client relationships; high productivity through teamwork; a confident and ambitious sense of excellence; being international in outlook and character; prudence; creativity and customer focused marketing. Under the managing for growth scheme, eight strategic imperatives were identified as the key marketing and business strategies for 2004 2008. They are: Brand: make HSBC and its hexagon symbol one of the worlds leading brands for customer experience and corporate social responsibility Personal Financial Services: drive growth in key markets and through appropriate channels to make HSBC the strongest global player in personal financial services Consumer Finance: extend the reach of this business to existing customers through a wider product range and penetrate new markets Commercial Banking: make the most of HSBCs international customer base through effective relationship management and improved product offerings in all the Groups markets Corporate, Investment Banking and Markets: accelerate growth by enhancing capital markets and advisory capabilities focused on client service in defined sectors where HSBC has critical relevance and strength Private Banking: serve the Groups highest value personal clients around the world People: attract, develop and motivate HSBCs people, rewarding success and rejecting mediocrity; and TSR: fulfil HSBCs TSR target by achieving strong competitive performances in earnings per share growth and efficiency. RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED Research Approach The research approach will be carried out using the positivist case research approach. According to Cavaye (1996), positivist epistemology tries to understand a social setting by identifying individual components of a phenomenon and explains the phenomenon in terms of constructs and relationships between constructs. The theoretical constructs describing the phenomenon are considered to be distinct from empirical reality. Hence, empirical observations can be used to test theory. This looks at the world as external and objective. Positivism employs four major research evaluation criteria: a good research should make controlled observations, should be able to be replicated, should be generalizable and should use formal logic. Under positivism, case research findings are not statistically generalizable to a population, as the case or cases cannot be considered representative of a population, however case research can claim theoretical generalizability. This will also include comparing, contrasting and critically evaluating past and present papers, articles, journals, and established theories that have been published on the subject matter. Methodology Employed Multiple-Case Study Design This project uses the multiple case study method in order to enable analysis of data across cases and relating it to the theoretical perspectives in the available literature of marketing strategy. This enables the researcher to verify that findings are not merely the result of idiosyncrasies of research setting (Miles and Huberman, 1984). According to Yin (2002), in such a method it is important to use: multiple sources of evidence. The appropriate number of cases depends, firstly, on how much is known about the phenomenon after studying a case and secondly, on how much new information is likely to emerge from studying further cases (Eisenhardt, 1991). This paper detailed analysis about the marketing strategies employed by HSBC, in comparison to its other major competitors, namely Barclays Bank, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Citibank. Analysis of the marketing strategy of HSBC is evaluated with regard to the organisation meeting customer needs and requirements, advertising strategies and the need to increase its customer base and market share are all addressed. One wants to see if there are any matches with regard to the theoretical literature of marketing strategy and what the empirical evidence gathered says and also any mismatches. This also relates to the literature review. Qualitative Data Cavaye (1996) states that qualitative investigation refers to distilling meaning and understanding from a phenomenon and is not primarily concerned with measuring and quantification of the phenomenon. Direct and in-depth knowledge of a research setting are necessary to achieve contextual understanding. Hence, qualitative methods are associated with face-to-face contact with persons in the research setting, with verbal data (Van Mannen 1989) being gathered. Qualitative data can be collected in a number of forms. One major form of qualitative evidence is interviews, which may be recorded and later transcribed. Qualitative data are rich, full, holistic real their face validity seems unpeachable; they preserve chronological flow where that is important (Miles 1979). In spite of the abovementioned, qualitative data have weaknesses (Miles 1979; Miles and Huberman, 1984). Collecting and analysing data is time-consuming and demanding. In addition, data analysis is not easy, as qualitative data analysis methods are not well established. Recognised rules of logic can be applied to verbal data in order to make sense of the evidence and to formally analyse the data. Rubin and Rubin (1995) state that it is most desirable to disclose the identities of both the case and the individuals interviewed because, The reader is able to recall any other previous information he or she may have learned about the same case from previous research or other sources in reading and interpreting the case report. The entire case can be reviewed more readily, so that footnotes and citations can be checked, if necessary, and appropriate criticisms can be raised about the published case. Nevertheless, there are some occasions when anonymity is necessary. The most common rationale is that when the case study has been on a controversial topic, anonymity serves to protect the real case and its real participants. The second reason is that the issuance of the final case report may affect the subsequent actions of those that were studied. Quantitative Data This is concerned with measuring aspects of a market or the population of consumers making up the market. This includes soft approaches such as consumer attitudes as well as the hard things such as market size, brand shares, purchase frequencies etc. Quantitative data on a market or consumer group can be obtained through carrying out a census, obtaining the relevant measures from every single consumer or player in the market. In practice, research through a census collection is very rare; for one thing it is usually prohibitively expensive to obtain data from every individual (the government only carries out a population census once every 10 years) and even if the money is available the timescales involved are likely to be too long to meet commercial deadlines, Meier (1991). Furthermore, a census is unnecessary since the alternative; sampling can normally produce adequate and acceptably reliable data for a fraction of the cost. Quantitative research is, therefore, nearly always based on more or less rigorous sampling methods which have in common the assumption that the data from the samples can be taken to represent, within estimated levels of accuracy, the population or universe from which they are drawn, (Hague 2002). Types of Quantitative Data The range of information which can be and is collected through quantitative research is enormous if not infinite. In relation to deciding how data should be collected, all the possibilities can be categorised into a simple threefold classification: 1.Market measures 2.Customer profiles or segmentation 3.Attitudinal data. Market measures quantify and describe a market. Common examples include: market and sector size; shares of the market held by suppliers or brands; penetration levels (what proportion of all potential consumers own or buy a product); purchase and consumption frequencies; patterns of consumption and seasonality. Data of this type is very essential for any manager developing or reviewing a marketing plan for a company, product group or brand name like HSBCs hexagon logo. Market measures taken from a sample are generally projected or grossed up to the total market or population, e.g., the proportion of households in a sample found to be without a PC can be multiplied by available estimates of the number of total households to provide an indicator of untapped potential. A vital concern in the marketing of a product or service is knowing and understanding the potential customer base; what type of people or organisation are they? What other types of products or services do they own or use? What is required to meet this need is customer profiling or segmentation data and it is quantitative in nature because reliable breakdowns are needed for the whole market or population, Buck (1990). Hague (2002) argues that profiling data can take various forms: socio-demographics (age, sex, income and occupation group, education level, home tenure etc); geo-demographics; various business classifications such as company size, industry etc. for business to business research or it can relate to consumer behaviour (ownership of various products, purchase or usage levels, media exposure etc.). Unlike market measures, consumer profiling data can be collected only from consumers (including organisations in the case of business to business research) although the distribution or manufacturing levels in the market may also need profiling. Attitudinal data is used in a quite general sense to cover concepts such as awareness, perceptions, beliefs, evaluations, preferences and propensities. In other words they are, in their various forms, subjective and reside in the minds of individuals. Much market research under this is concerned with attitudes and attitude measurement because attitudes and your marketing may mould consumer choice in your favour. Attitudes are of course very much the subject of qualitative research which is often concerned to identify relevant dimensions and categories of attitudes. In quantitative research, the focus is on establishing the degree to which specific attitudes exist among the market and population. The most important tool for data collection under quantitative research is face to face interviewing. However, in situations where over a hundred firms need to be interviewed, due to the cost attached to carrying out such a task, doing a telephone interview would seem more appropriate. The methods used to record data and data analysis here, is predominantly through questionnaires. Most questionnaires used in quantitative research involve a predominance of pre-coded or closed questions and the layout of the response points can help to minimize problems of mis-recording. More problematical, however, is the recording of open-ended questions, such as why did you buy this product, then? This usually leads to a lengthy or rambling response from the individual, in which what is said is then summarized or abbreviated and there is no way of knowing whether what is recorded reasonably reflects the response given. In the case of this paper, due to the short deadline associated with writing this paper, one was only able to get a telephone interview (primary data collection method) from a senior manager of customer relationship management at one of HSBCs flagship branches in the London area. Additionally one has also used multiple sources of evidence, i.e. secondary sources of information, articles, journals, established theories, HSBCs annual report, comments by top management within the organisation are analysed and also the companys website are all used to evaluate and address the effectiveness of its use of market strategy to increase its market share and customer base. The remainder of this paper proceeds as follows, analysis of findings, overview of the marketing strategy, criticisms, summary and conclusion. ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS Central to achieving a companys corporate vision is the need to build up a loyal customer base of satisfied customers. HSBC did not overtake its major competitors by chance in acquiring foreign financial institutions; it developed a clear marketing strategy based on a desire to fully satisfy a carefully targeted set of market segments. As the BBC (2004) gathered, a quarter of HSBCs 2003 profits were made in the UK, and it made around  £70 profit per customer. Additionally, the bulk of its profits came from acquisitions elsewhere, US personal loan firm Household International and HSBC Mexico. Although Household International operates in the UK, HSBC says its British market accounts for less than 10% of this divisions profits. Market segmentation is at the core of robust marketing strategy development. This involves identifying customer needs, expectations, perceptions, and buying behaviour so as to group together homogeneous customers who will be satisfied and marketed to in a similar manner. One segment will differ from another in terms of customer profile and buying behaviour, and also with regard to the sales and marketing activity likely to satisfy these customers. Having sufficient knowledge of these customers is fundamental. It is important to remember that the process of market segmentation involves more than simply grouping customers into segments. Shrewd targeting of certain segments and the development of a clear brand positioning are part and parcel of the market segmentation process. Now, HSBC launched a marketing strategy called Managing for growth, which is to cover and deal with its strategic outlook for the period 2004 2008. From the company website, they have stated that they will deliver this by; focusing on enhancing HSBCs revenue generation culture, develop its brand name further (hexagon logo), manage costs strategically, maintain a prudent credit/market risk stance, and invest further in its people. Addition ally, acquisitions still remains an integral part of their strategy. As stated from the companys website, they will concentrate on growing earnings over the long term at a rate which will place it favourably when compared with its peer group. It will also focus on investing in its delivery platforms, its technology, its people and its brand to support